Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can affect pregnancy in multiple ways, from impacting fertility to posing risks to the mother and baby's immediate and long-term health. While some STDs, like HIV, cannot be cured, they can be effectively managed with proper treatment, potentially supporting a healthy pregnancy. In Singapore, young adults aged 20 to 34 had the highest rates of STDs in 2017, highlighting the importance of understanding these infections for those who are pregnant or planning to conceive.

Impact of STDs on pregnancy: Health risks for mothers and babies.

How STDs Can Affect Pregnancy

Impact on Fertility and Maternal Health

Certain STDs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which damages the reproductive system, including the fallopian tubes and ovaries. This can lead to infertility or increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy, where a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus. Infections like HIV weaken the immune system, making the mother more vulnerable to other illnesses. Untreated STDs, such as HPV, may also result in long-term health problems, including cervical cancer, emphasising the need for regular screening and timely treatment.

STDs impacting the female reproductive system and causing health complications.

Potential Complications for the Baby

STDs can pass from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, leading to serious complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and even stillbirth. Babies exposed to untreated STDs may face long-term health issues, including:

Gynaecologist reviewing a pregnant woman’s baby’s health for STDs.

Myths About STDs and Pregnancy

Myth: STDs Only Affect People Who Have Multiple Sexual Partners
Fact: Anyone who is sexually active can contract an STD, even with one partner. Other high-risk behaviors, such as inconsistent condom use, sharing needles, or having a partner with an unknown sexual history, also increase the likelihood of infection.

Myth: No Symptoms Does Not Mean No Risk to the Baby
Fact: Many STDs are asymptomatic but can still harm the baby. Regular screenings are the only way to detect and treat infections early.

Myth: STDs Cannot Be Treated During Pregnancy
Fact: Many STDs can be effectively treated during pregnancy with proper medications, reducing risks to mother and baby.

Myth: Only Certain STDs Affect Pregnancy
Fact: All STDs have the potential to impact pregnancy. Comprehensive testing is crucial to ensure maternal and fetal health.

Myth: Condoms Provide Complete Protection Against STDs
Fact: While condoms significantly reduce risks, they don’t fully protect against infections like herpes or HPV, which spread through skin-to-skin contact.

Debunking myths about STDs and pregnancy: Facts vs myths.

Managing STDs During Pregnancy: Testing and Treatment

In Singapore, STD testing is typically included as part of routine blood tests during the first trimester of pregnancy. Depending on the individual’s sexual history or risk factors, additional testing may be recommended later in pregnancy by a gynaecologist.

Treatment is vital to safeguard both mother and baby. For bacterial infections like syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, antibiotics are prescribed to cure the infection and prevent complications. For viral infections such as HIV and herpes, antiviral medications help manage symptoms and lower transmission risks. Following the gynecologist’s treatment plan and attending all prenatal visits ensures early detection and intervention, reducing adverse outcomes and promoting a healthier pregnancy.

Disclaimer: This content is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your gynecologist or doctor for guidance tailored to your specific situation.

Pregnant Asian woman attending regular gynaecologist appointments.

Preventing STDs

Young Asian woman receiving a vaccine to prevent STD infections.

Summary

STDs can pose serious risks to both mother and baby during pregnancy, from complications like preterm birth to long-term health challenges. Early testing, safe sex practices, and timely treatment are essential to reduce these risks and support a healthy pregnancy. Working closely with a gynecologist and addressing any concerns about STDs promptly can help ensure better outcomes for both mother and baby.

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Why Choose Us? We Are a One-Stop Health Screening Clinic With X-ray, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT) Scan and Mammogram Facilities.
Why Choose Us? We Are a One-Stop Health Screening Clinic With X-ray, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT) Scan and Mammogram Facilities.
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Female patient undergoing ultrasound scan procedure at ATA Medical Clinic.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What STD causes miscarriage?

Syphilis can significantly increase the risk of miscarriage if left untreated during pregnancy. It may also lead to stillbirth or preterm delivery. If you suspect exposure to an STD, it is crucial to seek medical advice from your gynecologist or doctor promptly.

Can a woman with STDs get pregnant?

Yes, women with STDs can conceive. However, untreated STDs may affect fertility and increase risks for both the mother and baby during pregnancy. It is advisable to consult a gynecologist or doctor if you have concerns about STDs and pregnancy.

What should I do if my partner has STDs?

If your partner has an STD, both of you should undergo testing and seek treatment if necessary. Practising safe sex and consulting a doctor ensures better protection and effective management.

How to protect yourself from STDs during pregnancy?

Consistently using condoms, maintaining regular STD screenings, getting vaccinated for preventable infections, practising safe sex, and engaging in mutually monogamous relationships are key to protection.

Can a STD mess up a pregnancy?

Yes, STDs can lead to serious complications during pregnancy, including preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and congenital infections, if left untreated or improperly managed.

What STD can cause birth defects?

Syphilis is known to cause severe birth defects, including bone deformities, neurological problems, and other complications associated with congenital syphilis if untreated.

Can you still have a baby if you have STDs?

Yes, women with STDs can still have healthy pregnancies with proper treatment and management. Early detection and medical care are vital to minimising risks. If you have concerns about STDs and pregnancy, it is important to consult a gynecologist or doctor for personalised advice.

Can STDs be cured while pregnant?

Bacterial STDs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis can be safely treated with antibiotics during pregnancy. While viral STDs like herpes and HIV cannot be cured, they can be effectively managed with antiviral medications to reduce complications.

Can STDs be passed through sperm?

Yes, many STDs, including HIV and chlamydia, can be transmitted through sperm. Using condoms during sexual activity significantly lowers the risk of transmission.

How to tell if a girl has STDs?

Many STDs show no symptoms, making them undetectable without testing. Regular screenings are the only reliable way to identify infections.

Can a clean couple get STDs?

If both partners are free from STDs and remain monogamous, the risk of contracting an STD is minimal. However, undiagnosed past infections or incomplete testing can still pose a hidden threat.

Can you sleep with someone with an STD?

Engaging in sexual activity with someone who has an STD requires precautions. Use condoms and dental dams to reduce risks, but be aware that some STDs, like herpes and HPV, can spread through skin-to-skin contact. Consulting a doctor can help you understand specific risks and protective measures.

Can a woman get pregnant while having an STD?

Yes, women with STDs can conceive, but untreated infections may lead to pregnancy complications. Seeking medical care from your gynaecologist to manage the STD is essential for a healthy pregnancy.

Which STDs stay in the body for life?

Viral infections such as herpes and HIV may remain in the body for life and require ongoing management. While HPV often resolves on its own, some high-risk strains can persist and may lead to complications like cervical cancer without proper and regular monitoring.

When to worry about STDs?

You should be concerned about STDs if you experience symptoms like unusual discharge, pain during intercourse or urination, or sores. Even in the absence of symptoms, regular screenings are crucial, especially after unprotected sex or a new partner.