Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV): Testing & Treatment

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is not a virus but a sexually transmitted infection caused by specific invasive bacterial strains (L1, L2, L3) of Chlamydia trachomatis. Unlike common chlamydia infections, these strains invade deeper tissues, including lymph nodes in the genital and rectal regions. If left untreated, LGV can cause inflammation, swelling, and eventually lead to scarring or tissue damage.

LGV often begins with a small, painless sore at the site of infection, which may go unnoticed as it heals quickly. As the infection progresses, however, it can cause pain and swelling in the groin, rectal discomfort, or tenderness in affected lymph nodes. The level of pain varies depending on the infection stage and site. If you experience persistent genital or rectal pain, it is advisable to seek medical evaluation for proper diagnosis.

LGV can be detected through specific laboratory tests that identify Chlamydia trachomatis and confirm whether the strain belongs to the LGV types (L1–L3). Standard STI panels may not always distinguish LGV from other chlamydia infections, so specialised molecular or genotyping tests are often required. If you have symptoms or suspect an LGV infection, it is advisable to request targeted testing through your doctor.

Yes, LGV is a bacterial infection that can be cured with appropriate antibiotic treatment, typically doxycycline taken over an extended period. Completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics is crucial to ensure complete eradication and prevent complications or transmission. Follow-up testing is often recommended to confirm recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms or suspect an LGV infection, it is advisable to consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

The first stage of LGV is marked by the appearance of a small, painless sore or ulcer at the site of infection, usually on the genitals, anus, or mouth. This lesion often heals quickly, which can make early detection difficult. Because symptoms may be mild or unnoticed, routine STI screening is important after potential exposure. If you suspect recent contact with an infected partner, it is best to seek prompt medical testing.

LGV is unlikely to be transmitted through kissing, as the infection typically spreads via direct contact with infected genital or rectal secretions during sexual activity. Transmission through the mouth is rare and would usually require contact with open sores or mucous membranes exposed to infectious fluids. If you experience oral or genital symptoms after potential exposure, it is advisable to consult your doctor for evaluation and testing.

Regular chlamydia cannot turn into LGV, as they are caused by different strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. LGV results from invasive types (L1, L2, L3) that can infect deeper tissues, whereas common chlamydia strains mainly affect surface cells in the genital tract. Although both are bacterial infections, their behaviour, severity, and potential complications differ. If you test positive for chlamydia, your doctor may recommend follow-up evaluation to help determine whether LGV-specific testing is needed.

LGV is not a lifelong infection and can be cleared completely with appropriate antibiotic treatment. Symptoms usually improve within weeks, but full recovery depends on early detection and adherence to the prescribed treatment course. Untreated infections may persist and cause chronic complications. Always follow your doctor's instructions during and after treatment to ensure the infection is fully resolved and to reduce the risk of recurrence.

While both infections are caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, LGV involves different bacterial strains that invade deeper tissues and lymph nodes. This can lead to more severe symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, rectal inflammation, or scarring, unlike typical chlamydia infections that often cause mild genital discharge or discomfort. Because the two conditions require different treatment durations, accurate diagnosis through genotyping is important for effective management.

The most effective way to prevent LGV is through consistent condom use during vaginal, anal, and oral sex, as this reduces contact with infectious secretions. Regular STI screening, especially for individuals with multiple or new partners, further lowers risk through early detection and treatment. Open communication about STI status and practising safer sex habits also help prevent transmission. It is advisable to undergo routine testing if you are sexually active.